Concentration Fundamentals
Understanding Parts-Per Notation: PPM, PPB, PPT, and Percent
A complete comparative analysis of parts-per notation, SI units, and conversion factors across physical chemistry domains.
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Dr. Elena Vance, PhD
Environmental Science Specialist
Understanding Parts-Per Notation
Parts-per notation allows scientists to describe minuscule quantities without resorting to awkward decimal fractions.
1% = 10,000 PPM = 10,000,000 PPB
1 PPM = 1,000 PPB
1 PPB = 1,000 PPTMatrix Equivalent Values:
- In Water (Aqueous): 1 PPM = 1 mg/L, 1 PPB = 1 ug/L.
- In Soil (Solid): 1 PPM = 1 mg/kg, 1 PPB = 1 ug/kg.
- In Air (Gas): 1 PPMv = 1 uL/L, 1 PPBv = 1 nL/L.