Kalkulator PPB ke PPM

ppb
ppm
500 PPB = 0.5 PPM
Pratetap Lazim:
Langkah Pengiraan:
500 PPB ÷ 1,000 = 0.5 PPM
Bahagikan 500 dengan 1,000 kerana 1 Bahagian Per Juta adalah 1,000 kali lebih besar daripada 1 Bahagian Per Bilion.
Disalin ke papan keratan

Understanding Concentration Units: What is PPB & What is PPM?

Both PPB (Parts Per Billion) and PPM (Parts Per Million) are dimensionless scientific concentration units used across environmental testing, chemistry, and industrial hygiene to measure trace quantities of substances in water, air, and soil.

10⁻⁹ Factor Ultra-Trace Unit

What is PPB (Parts Per Billion)?

PPB stands for Parts Per Billion. It represents one unit of a solute or contaminant per one billion units of the total solution or mixture.

1 PPB = 1 / 1,000,000,000 = 10⁻⁹ = 0.0000001%
In water: 1 PPB = 1 µg/L (microgram per liter)
🔍 Scale Analogy: 1 second in approximately 31.7 years, or 1 drop of water in an Olympic-sized swimming pool.
💧 Common Uses: Drinking water toxins (lead at 15 ppb, arsenic at 10 ppb), pesticide residues, ambient ozone (70 ppb), and semiconductor-grade ultrapure water.
10⁻⁶ Factor Trace Unit

What is PPM (Parts Per Million)?

PPM stands for Parts Per Million. It represents one unit of a solute or contaminant per one million units of the total solution or mixture.

1 PPM = 1 / 1,000,000 = 10⁻⁶ = 0.0001%
In water: 1 PPM = 1 mg/L (milligram per liter)
🔍 Scale Analogy: 1 second in 11.5 days, or 1 drop of food coloring in a full 13-gallon bathtub.
🌬️ Common Uses: Water mineral hardness, swimming pool chlorination, atmospheric carbon dioxide (~420 ppm), and OSHA workplace exposure limits.
⚖️
The Key Relationship: 1 PPM is exactly 1,000 times larger than 1 PPB. To convert PPB to PPM, divide by 1,000. To convert PPM to PPB, multiply by 1,000. (1 PPM = 1,000 PPB & 1 PPB = 0.001 PPM)

Penerangan Formula Penukaran PPB ke PPM

Formula ini berasaskan hubungan nisbah: untuk menukar ppb ke ppm bahagi 1,000; untuk menukar ppm ke ppb darab 1,000.

PPM = PPB ÷ 1,000

Persamaan ini membahagi dengan 1,000 kerana 1 ppm mengandungi 1,000 ppb.

PPB = PPM × 1,000

Persamaan songsang mendarab dengan 1,000.

Bentuk Notasi Saintifik

Dalam notasi saintifik: 1 ppm = 10⁻⁶ dan 1 ppb = 10⁻⁹. Dalam air, 1 ppb = 1 µg/L dan 1 ppm = 1 mg/L.

Kalkulator Formula Langkah demi Langkah
1 Nilai mula ___ PPB
↓
2 Gunakan formula: ___ ÷ 1,000
↓
3 Hasil: ___ PPM

PPB dan PPM dalam Ujian Alam Sekitar dan Makmal

PPB dan PPM adalah 2 unit kepekatan utama dalam pemantauan alam sekitar mengikut piawaian EPA, WHO dan OSHA.

PPB ke PPM dalam Ujian Kualiti Air

Makmal mengukur bahan cemar larut dalam ppb (µg/L) dan ppm (mg/L). Had EPA bagi air minuman:

Arsenik 10 ppb = 0.010 ppm
Plumbum 15 ppb = 0.015 ppm
Benzena 5 ppb = 0.005 ppm
Kromium 100 ppb = 0.100 ppm
Nitrat 10,000 ppb = 10 ppm

Spektrometri jisim (MS) dan kromatografi gas (GC) mengesan bahan cemar pada tahap sub-ppb.

PPB ke PPM dalam Pemantauan Kualiti Udara

Kepekatan bahan pencemar gas dinyatakan dalam pecahan isi padu (ppbv dan ppmv):

Ozon (O₃) 70 ppb = 0.070 ppm
NO₂ 100 ppb = 0.100 ppm
SO₂ (1 jam) 75 ppb = 0.075 ppm
CO (8 jam) 9,000 ppb = 9 ppm
CO₂ (Ambien) 420,000 ppb = 420 ppm

Spektroskopi inframerah mengukur kepekatan gas dengan kepekaan tahap PPB.

PPB ke PPM dalam Ujian Tanah

Logam berat dalam tanah dilaporkan dalam ppm (mg/kg) dan ppb (µg/kg):

Plumbum (Kediaman) 400,000 ppb = 400 ppm
Arsenik 40,000 ppb = 40 ppm
Kadmium 70,000 ppb = 70 ppm
Merkuri 1,000 ppb = 1 ppm
Kromium 230,000 ppb = 230 ppm

Analisis tanah menggunakan ICP-MS dan GC-MS untuk had pengesanan tahap ppb.

Daripada Bahagian Per Bilion kepada Bahagian Per Juta

Jadual penukaran ini menyenaraikan nilai ppb lazim dengan setara ppm dan nilai air (µg/L atau mg/L) dari 0.01 ppb hingga 1,000,000 ppb.

Bahagian Per Bilion (PPB) Bahagian Per Juta (PPM) Setara Air Tahap
0.01 PPB 0.00001 PPM 0.01 µg/L Sangat Surih
0.1 PPB 0.0001 PPM 0.1 µg/L Sangat Surih
0.5 PPB 0.0005 PPM 0.5 µg/L Sangat Surih
1 PPB 0.001 PPM 1 µg/L Surih
2 PPB 0.002 PPM 2 µg/L Surih
5 PPB 0.005 PPM 5 µg/L Rendah
10 PPB 0.010 PPM 10 µg/L Rendah
15 PPB 0.015 PPM 15 µg/L Rendah
20 PPB 0.020 PPM 20 µg/L Rendah
50 PPB 0.050 PPM 50 µg/L Rendah
70 PPB 0.070 PPM 70 µg/L Rendah
100 PPB 0.100 PPM 100 µg/L Sederhana
150 PPB 0.150 PPM 150 µg/L Sederhana
200 PPB 0.200 PPM 200 µg/L Sederhana
500 PPB 0.500 PPM 500 µg/L Sederhana
1,000 PPB 1.000 PPM 1 mg/L Tinggi
1,500 PPB 1.500 PPM 1.5 mg/L Tinggi
2,000 PPB 2.000 PPM 2 mg/L Tinggi
5,000 PPB 5.000 PPM 5 mg/L Tinggi
10,000 PPB 10.000 PPM 10 mg/L Tinggi
20,000 PPB 20.000 PPM 20 mg/L Tinggi
100,000 PPB 100.000 PPM 100 mg/L Tinggi
1,000,000 PPB 1,000.000 PPM 1 g/L Tinggi

PPM vs PPB: Memahami Perbezaan

Perbezaan antara PPM (10⁻⁶) dan PPB (10⁻⁹) ialah faktor 1,000. PPB mengukur kepekatan 1,000 kali lebih kecil daripada PPM.

Tarik gelangsar untuk membandingkan PPM dan PPB
Skala PPM
00.250.50.751.0
0 PPM
0 PPB
Skala PPB
02505007501000
0 PPB
PPM dalam air = miligram per liter (mg/L)
PPB dalam air = mikrogram per liter (µg/L)
Penukaran: 1 ppm = 1,000 ppb

Pecahan Jisim dan Pecahan Isi Padu

Dalam cecair ppm = mg/L dan ppb = µg/L. Dalam gas 1 ppm mewakili 1 molekul per juta molekul udara. Faktor 1,000 kekal malar.

Conversion Tools & Calculators

Professional-grade unit conversion calculators for environmental science, chemistry, and industrial applications.

÷

PPB to PPM

Convert parts per billion to parts per million instantly.

PPB → ÷ 1,000 → PPM
Use Calculator →

mg/L to PPM

Milligrams per liter to parts per million with density correction.

mg/L → ÷ density → PPM
Open Tool →

mg/m³ to PPM

Mass concentration to volumetric PPM for gases and vapors.

mg/m³ → × 24.45/MW → PPM
Open Tool →
ng Rx

ng/mg to PPM

Nanograms per milligram to PPM for pharma & toxicology.

ng/mg → 1 : 1 → PPM
Open Tool →
g

PPB to Grams

Convert PPB concentration to absolute mass in grams.

PPB × mass → ÷ 10⁹ → grams
Open Tool →
mg

PPM to mg/L

Parts per million to milligrams per liter for solutions.

PPM → × density → mg/L
Open Tool →

PPM to mg/m³

Volumetric PPM to mass concentration for gas analysis.

PPM → × MW/24.45 → mg/m³
Open Tool →

Soalan Lazim

PPB bermaksud Bahagian Per Bilion (10⁻⁹). Dalam air, 1 ppb bersamaan 1 mikrogram per liter (1 µg/L).
1,000 ppb bersamaan 1 ppm. Untuk menukar ppb ke ppm bahagi 1,000; dari ppm ke ppb darab 1,000.
Ya, dengan formula yang sama: 0.5 ppb ÷ 1,000 = 0.0005 ppm dengan ketepatan sehingga 6 tempat perpuluhan.
Apabila kepekatan di bawah 1 ppm (< 1,000 ppb) bagi mengelakkan kekeliruan sifar perpuluhan.
Ya, 1 ppb = 1 µg/L dan 1 ppm = 1 mg/L ialah dua unit piawai dalam ujian air.
Bandingkan dengan had undang-undang: 25 ppb arsenik = 0.025 ppm, melebihi had EPA 10 ppb (0.010 ppm).
Darabkan hasil ppm dengan 1,000: 0.5 ppm × 1,000 = 500 ppb.
Ya, sebagai pecahan isi padu (ppbv dan ppmv) untuk ozon dan gas atmosfera.
Arsenik (10 ppb), plumbum (15 ppb), benzena (5 ppb), ozon (70 ppb) dan merkuri (300 ppb).

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